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・ Chloridea
・ Chloridia
・ Chloridoideae
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・ Chlorinated paraffins
・ Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
・ Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
・ Chlorination
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Chlorine dioxide
・ Chlorine fluoride
・ Chlorine gas poisoning
・ Chlorine monofluoride
・ Chlorine monoxide
・ Chlorine nitrate
・ Chlorine oxide
・ Chlorine pentafluoride
・ Chlorine perchlorate
・ Chlorine production
・ Chlorine tetroxide
・ Chlorine trifluoride
・ Chlorine-36
・ Chlorine-37
・ Chlorion


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Chlorine dioxide : ウィキペディア英語版
Chlorine dioxide

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Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2. This yellowish-green gas crystallizes as bright orange crystals at −59 °C. As one of several oxides of chlorine, it is a potent and useful oxidizing agent used in water treatment and in bleaching.
==Structure and bonding==

Chlorine dioxide is a neutral chlorine compound. It is very different from elementary chlorine, both in its chemical structure and in its behavior.〔Vogt, H.; Balej, J.; Bennett, J. E.; Wintzer, P.; Sheikh, S. A.; Gallone, P.; Vasudevan, S.; Pelin, K. (2010). "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. 〕 One of the most important qualities of chlorine dioxide is its high water solubility, especially in cold water. Chlorine dioxide does not hydrolyze when it enters water; it remains a dissolved gas in solution. Chlorine dioxide is approximately 10 times more soluble in water than chlorine.〔
The molecule ClO2 has an odd number of valence electrons, and therefore, it is a paramagnetic radical. Its electronic structure has long baffled chemists because none of the possible Lewis structures is very satisfactory. In 1933, L. O. Brockway proposed a structure that involved a three-electron bond. Chemist Linus Pauling further developed this idea and arrived at two resonance structures involving a double bond on one side and a single bond plus three-electron bond on the other. In Pauling's view the latter combination should represent a bond that is slightly ''weaker'' than the double bond. In molecular orbital theory this idea is commonplace if the third electron is placed in an anti-bonding orbital. Later work has confirmed that the HOMO is indeed an incompletely-filled orbital.

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